No matter what content or subject you’re teaching, knowing how to create a lesson plan prepares you for class by providing a clear outline for the day. Your lesson plans don’t need to be complex or lengthy — they just need to contain elements about what you’re teaching, how you’re going to be teaching this material, and what goals and objectives you want your students to meet as part of the curriculum.
Regardless of the sections within a lesson plan, each class you teach should build on the previous lesson and move seamlessly into the next. Of course, it’s easier creating a lesson plan that flows from class to class when you know what goes into building one!
4 Advantages of Writing a Lesson Plan
In any class, there are going to be things that you can’t predict. But the more prepared you are, the easier it will be to adapt to the unexpected so you can effectively teach and respond to your students. Here are some of the main benefits of making a lesson plan ahead of time:
1. Inspire personal confidence
Having a good lesson plan lets you stay in control of the class and the lesson. As your confidence comes across to students, you’ll find it easier to keep them focused and on track.
2. Evaluate your own lessons
Lesson plans allow you to evaluate your own teaching performance as you compare your methods with the plan you’ve prepared. This is a good way to make adjustments to your teaching style and techniques.
3. Organization
Lesson plans help you think in an organized manner, visualizing each step of the outline as you work from one concept to the next. A disorganized class presents too many opportunities for students to get off task and misbehave.
4. A guide for substitute teachers
With a lesson plan guide, substitute teachers will know exactly what your students are learning that day, making it easier for them to stay on track to meet any curriculum objectives that are set for your class.
How To Make a Lesson Plan Engaging
While there’s no instruction manual on how to develop a lesson plan, there are some important components that go into building each one.
Every lesson that you build is an entire segment that you create to teach your students something new. As you build a lesson it’s important to keep all your students in mind and ask the following essential questions before you begin:
Who are your students?
In order for you to figure out how to write a lesson plan, you must get to know your students. This may seem silly—of course, you know who your students are . . . right? Before you can write an effective lesson plan, you need to really know your students. This includes information such as their interests, abilities, how they work independently and in groups, any special needs that may require lesson tweaks, and their backgrounds.
What do your students already know?
Knowing your students’ prior knowledge of a subject can help you plan lessons. If you’ve been building lesson plans all along to follow a curriculum, you’ll already know what you’ve previously presented to your students; this allows you to continue with the flow.
What’s the best way to get them to learn?
Determine the best ways to get your students to learn. Younger students may do well with a lot of interactive teaching, while older students may prefer that some material is explained with a lecture and slideshow. After the first few classes, you’ll have a better idea of how to keep your students engaged.
You can break down the teaching techniques that you can use in your lesson plan into:
- The types of students you have in your class. Think about their interests, experiences, and times that they seem most engaged in the classroom.
- The type of learning and goals you’re aiming for. As an exercise, fill in this blank: “By the end of today’s class, I’m hoping my students will have learned or be able to ___.”
- The resources, materials, and teaching environment that are available to you, such as a dedicated room; field trip opportunities (including a virtual field trip!); or selected readings, videos, and other media.
Steps to Building A Lesson Plan
Once you’ve identified the components that need to go into teaching a class, you’re ready to use these eight steps on how to build a lesson plan:
1. Identify the objectives
To build a lesson, you first need to identify the objective(s). What do you hope to accomplish by the end of the period? Are there specific things that your students should know or be able to do? Make the goal specific. If you’re teaching younger students, a lesson objective may be that they’re able to identify animals that live in the rainforest after reading a chapter about animals in Brazil. For older students, this goal may involve learning how to solve a specific type of algebraic equation.
2. Determine the needs of your students
With this particular lesson, are you introducing new material or reviewing what you’ve already taught in a previous class? At the start of the class, be sure to let students know what to expect so they can stay focused on meeting your objectives. When reviewing material, some of your students may need more encouragement than others. Identifying these needs in your lesson plan will help you prepare.
3. Plan your resources and materials
Make a list of the resources and materials you’ll need to teach this lesson. Think about writing materials, paper, manipulatives, art supplies, and anything else that students may need to complete the lesson. Don’t forget to include technology resources in your plan when appropriate, like computers, apps, or educational websites.
4. Engage your students
What’s the point of a lesson if your students aren’t engaged? You want them to be interested in what you’re teaching. As you prepare a lesson plan, you need to find ways to get them interested in what this lesson is all about. Give them an outline of what you’re going to be presenting. Then, introduce the subject more informally. For example, if you’re teaching students a formula, try deriving it from scratch to build their intuition for where it comes from. Or, if you’re discussing certain historical events, try to draw parallels between those and current events so students can relate to the material.
5. Instruct and present information
Once you’ve set the stage for what you’ll be teaching, it’s time to present the information to your students. This is the time to instruct and use whatever resources you’ve included in your lesson plan. Involve your students in the process whenever possible so they’re engaged. For example, you could plan for most of the lesson to take place in pairs or small groups, or when having whole-class instruction, look for ways to facilitate class-wide discourse and involve student volunteers.
Whether it’s reading from a book, using props such as blocks for younger students, or displaying graphics on the screen for older students, it’s all about presenting information and concepts in a meaningful way.
6. Allow time for student practice
After teaching new material, leave time for students to practice. There are three practice methods that, when worked in order, are a good way to reinforce what you’ve just taught:
- Guided practice: With a guided practice, you’re taking students back through what they’ve just learned, letting them add their own input as they gain confidence with new information.
- Collaborative process: With partners or in a group, the collaborative process is all about students talking with their peers as they explore new concepts. Circulate among your class and offer additional instruction or help when needed.
- Independent practice: After the collaborative practice, it’s time for students to practice what they’ve learned on their own. Adapt independent practice according to the material just presented, such as using worksheets or having students write a short essay.
7. Ending the lesson
Finish the lesson with a quick wrap-up. Do a brief overview of the lesson, including the main concepts the class learned. Ask students to identify the key ideas as a refresher, and leave them with a preview of the next lesson so they know what to expect.
8. Evaluate the lesson
Did you achieve your learning objectives? Provide students with the opportunity to show they know the material by using a short quiz or formative assessment. Depending on the results, your next lesson plan may include a review of information before moving on to new material.
For the final step on how to make a lesson plan, you'll need to use a template. You can find many teacher lesson plan templates online. You could even ask your colleagues to share their format!
This article was adapted from a blog post initially developed by the education technology company Classcraft, which was acquired by HMH in 2023. The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of HMH.
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